Thailand's six domestic refineries are now legally required to contribute excess profits to the Oil Fuel Fund, with criminal penalties for non-compliance.
APAEC 2026-2030 calls for intra-ASEAN energy trade as a buffer against external shocks. The Hormuz crisis revealed how far that goal remains from operational reality across the region.
Raising Malaysia's blend from B10 to B15 is estimated to absorb 1.8 million metric tonnes of crude palm oil annually, roughly 9 percent of total national output.